fix: disallow all parenthesized pattern except parsing LHS (#12327)

* fix: disallow all parenthesized pattern except parsing LHS

* fix: forStatement requires LHS

* simplify toAssignable

* add more test cases

* fix: pass through isLHS on object property and assignment expression

* fix: record parenthesized identifier error for LHS

* remove duplicated skipped tests

* fix: do not record errors on ancestry arrow head

* Update packages/babel-parser/src/util/expression-scope.js

Co-authored-by: Brian Ng <bng412@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: Brian Ng <bng412@gmail.com>

packages/babel-parser/src/util/expression-scope.js

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ some expression scopes and thrown later when we know what the ambigous pattern i
 - AwaitBindingIdentifier
 - AwaitExpressionFormalParameter
 - YieldInParameter
+- InvalidParenthesizedAssignment when parenthesized is an identifier
 
 There are four different expression scope
 - Expression
@@ -130,6 +131,41 @@ export default class ExpressionScopeHandler {
     /* eslint-disable @babel/development-internal/dry-error-messages */
     this.raise(pos, message);
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Record parenthesized identifier errors
+   *
+   * A parenthesized identifier in LHS can be ambiguous because the assignment
+   * can be transformed to an assignable later, but not vice versa:
+   * For example, in `([(a) = []] = []) => {}`, we think `(a) = []` is an LHS in `[(a) = []]`,
+   * an LHS within `[(a) = []] = []`. However the LHS chain is then transformed by toAssignable,
+   * and we should throw assignment `(a)`, which is only valid in LHS. Hence we record the
+   * location of parenthesized `(a)` to current scope if it is one of MaybeArrowParameterDeclaration
+   * and MaybeAsyncArrowParameterDeclaration
+   *
+   * Unlike `recordParameterInitializerError`, we don't record to ancestry scope because we
+   * validate arrow head parsing scope before exit, and then the LHS will be unambiguous:
+   * For example, in `( x = ( [(a) = []] = [] ) ) => {}`, we should not record `(a)` in `( x = ... ) =>`
+   * arrow scope because when we finish parsing `( [(a) = []] = [] )`, it is an unambiguous assignment
+   * expression and can not be cast to pattern
+   * @param {number} pos
+   * @param {string} message
+   * @returns {void}
+   * @memberof ExpressionScopeHandler
+   */
+  recordParenthesizedIdentifierError(pos: number, message: string): void {
+    const { stack } = this;
+    const scope: ExpressionScope = stack[stack.length - 1];
+    if (scope.isCertainlyParameterDeclaration()) {
+      this.raise(pos, message);
+    } else if (scope.canBeArrowParameterDeclaration()) {
+      /*:: invariant(scope instanceof ArrowHeadParsingScope) */
+      scope.recordDeclarationError(pos, message);
+    } else {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Record likely async arrow parameter errors
    *